Galileo wrote Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems, in 1632 after six years of work. In this text, Galileo compared the geocentric and the Copernican heliocentric view of the world. Galileo laid out evidence in support of heliocentrism, but he claimed to treat Copernican heliocentrism as hypothetically true. However, he did not do this well. In Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems, a character who holds geocentric beliefs is repeatedly proved wrong. He places arguments favour of geocentrism, made by the Pope of the time, Maffeo Barberini, in the mouth of this character (Richter 2021). The content of this book was taken as a breach of the direct order from Cardinal Robert Bellarmine. Galileo is put on trial in Rome for heresy (“Galileo Galilei”). This trial was about whether Galileo had disobeyed a direct order to not teach heliocentrism (Richter 2021). The issue of whether Copernicus’s theory of heliocentrism was heretical had already be decided to be heresy by the Roman Inquisition. Galileo was convicted of “vehement suspicion of heresy” and sentenced to life in prison (“Galileo Galilei”) (Richter 2021). However, his sentence was allowed to be severed under house arrest.
His final work Discourses and Mathematical Demonstrations Concerning Two New Sciences, (1938), delt with issues of impetus, moments, and centres of gravity (“Galileo Galilei”). This book contained his mathematical ideas on the motions of objects on an inclined plan, and acceleration of free-falling bodies. These were some of his most rigours and also famous mathematical ideas. He wrote this under house arrest and had to have it smuggled to Holland where it was published (“Galileo Galilei”).
Galileo Died in 1642, still on house arrest. A sad end to the life of one of science’s most important and famous individuals.